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Ways of radioactive materials saving in the Czech Republic and in the world
Polák, Luboš ; Šen, Hugo (referee) ; Nerud, Pavel (advisor)
Management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste are many. The aim of this thesis was to summarize the attitude of the Czech Republic and the other major countries on this issue. First is given the classification of radioactive waste according to various criteria. Consequently, it is defined and described the fuel cycle, as the largest producer of all types of radioactive waste. Then is analyzed approach of the Czech Republic to the management of all type radioactive waste and the attitude to deep geological repository. At the end are some, in this respect, major countries and their attitude to deal with spent nuclear fuel, radioactive waste and the method of final disposal.
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Evaluation of Power Efficiency of Radioactive Waste Management Technologies Used in the Czech Republic
Penzinger, Pavel ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of power efficiency of technologies for the radioactive waste management used in the Czech Republic. Thesis is divided into two main parts – theoretical part and a practical part. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with a brief description of the organization connected with radioactive waste operating in the Czech Republic and storage of low and intermediate level waste in the Czech Republic. This is followed by various kinds of radioactive waste division according to Czech legislation and regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency. There is also a description of the most used technologies and methods o of radioactive waste management technology used in the Czech Republic and world. Practical part contains specific evaluation of energy efficiency of each technology for the radioactive waste management. Each evaluation contains the energy efficiency of production use materials and transport. Evaluates are technologies used consistently and for sufficient quantities. Energy efficiency is describe from the place of origin of radioactive waste, which is the Nuclear power plant Dukovany, Nuclear power plant Temelín and ÚJV Řež, a.s. The end of description is the repository site of radioactive waste Dukovany for radioactive waste from nuclear power plants or disposal site Richard for institutional radioactive waste.
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Transmutation of spent nuclear fuel
Šajdler, Miroslav ; Foral, Štěpán (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with spent nuclear fuel – its composition, disposal, reprocessing and transmutation. In the beginning, you can find the classification of radioactive waste, and then I am explaining the policy of the Czech Republic towards disposal of nuclear waste. This is followed by the comparison of the policy in other countries. The thesis also contains various methods used to reprocess spent nuclear waste, composition of spent nuclear waste – based on its radioactivity and radiotoxicity and future technologies for nuclear reprocessing. In the end, I tried to describe a simple model simulating transmutation in light water and fast reactor.
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Nuclear Power Plants Security
Štěpán, Jakub ; Smutný, Milan (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren je složitý. Bezpečný provoz jaderných elektráren má zásadní význam pro spolehlivou a neškodnou výrobu elektřiny. Nehoda spojená s tímto typem zařízení by mohla mít negativní dopad na zdraví lidí, volně žijících zvířat, a mohla by způsobit znečištění životního prostředí. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren a prodiskutovat způsoby prevence jaderné katastrofy. Teoretická část práce se zabývá vymezením základních provozních principů jaderných elektráren. Dále jsou diskutována a ilustrována bezpečnostní a zabezpečovací opatření. Následně je zkoumán dopad jaderných elektráren na životní prostředí za běžného provozu. V závěru jsou popsány důsledky selhání bezpečnostních a zabezpečovacích opatření na historických příkladech. Praktická část práce, která byla realizována prostřednictvím online dotazníkového šetření, se zabývá mírou povědomí veřejnosti o bezpečnosti jaderných elektráren a jejich dopadu na životní prostředí.
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Design modification of the collimator for RAW measuring system
Svoboda, Štěpán ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Šen, Hugo (advisor)
This thesis deals with structural design of collimator. Collimator is important component of radioactivity measuring device. This apparatus is made by Envinet. Collimator is part of device, which makes good conditions for measuring radioactivity, protects detector and tries avoid overload detector. In this thesis is dealt simplification of collimator. It supposed, that simplified collimator will be more reliable. This proposal saves more money, because company will not have to send employee of Envinet to service their measuring devices in a very distant countries, such as Russia, Ukraine etc.
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Survey of public opinion about the building of deep geological depository in Jistebnice location
KLOTZOVÁ, Alena
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of construction and operation of a deep repository and finding out the attitide of the affected inhabitants and the city council to this issue. The work is divided into two parts a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the current legislation relating to nuclear safety and safety of deep repository for radioactive waste and the basic concepts that will help to understand the issue. This section further describes what radioactive waste is and how i tis classified into categories. The theoretical part presents the development of deep repositories in the world, in the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the proposed economic and social benefits for the region, where a deep repository for radioactive waste should be built, are presented. Part of this work i salso crisis communication, which is an integral part of this topic and related current trends, in crisis communication. This is followed by communication with the population dring the nuclear accident and published experience in risk communication in Fukushima after the nuclear accident in 2011. In the practical part, a survey was conducted, which uses the method of a questionnaire, the aim of which was to determine the attitudes of the inhabitants of Jitebnice to the construction and subsequent operation of a deep repository for radioactive wase. The opinions of the members of the Jistebnice City Council were ascertained in a similar way. The questionnaire survey serves as a source of information, which was processed into graphs, interpreted and then discussed.
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Czech public opinion on issues of radioactive waste and deep geological repository – July 2021
Červenka, Jan ; Ďurďovič, Martin
In its July 2021 survey, the Our Society series included a battery of questions on issues of the energy system, with a detailed focus on nuclear energy and some aspects of handling radioactive waste. The study inquired how well informed about nuclear waste citizens themselves feel, how reliable they consider different sources of information on nuclear safety, how they think spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste are currently being handled in the country, how today’s society should respond to the problem of radioactive waste, and how they view different issues of building a deep geological repository of radioactive waste. Only one in five Czech citizens consider themselves well informed about matters of radioactive waste. In matters of nuclear safety, the public considers scientists and experts the most reliable; relatively high levels of reliability are also attached to the State Office for Nuclear Safety and, to a lesser extent, “the government authority concerned with the disposal of radioactive waste”. Three in five citizens believe that today’s society should actively address the problem of radioactive waste. Half of the public find a deep geological repository to be the safest way of addressing the problem of radioactive waste. More than three in four citizens believe that municipalities should have the right to refuse the building of a deep geological repository in their territory.
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Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores
Šindelář, Jakub ; Mls, Jiří (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jaromír (referee)
Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores ABSTRACT This graduation thesis deals with laboratory determination of adsorption isotherms parameters. Granite from the central moldanubian pluton, site Panské Dubenky, Czech Republic, was chosen to the experiment. The place is one of the candidate sites to build a deep nuclear waste disposal. A batch experiment was performed in two modes, differing in the way of addition of radioactive nuclide 90 Sr. From this experiment, distribution coefficients for a linear isotherm or parameters for Langmuir isotherm were obtained. Beside this, a through-diffusion experiment was performed. The objective of this experiment was to identify whether some of the radionuclides used (137 Cs, 90 Sr, 125 I) is able to penetrate through the pores of a granite slice barrier between two solutions of different concentrations. During the period of the experiment no radionuclide was detected reliably.
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